What is an Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse occurs when part or all of the rectum’s wall slides out of place, sometimes protruding through the anus. This condition can be uncomfortable and, in severe cases, painful. It primarily affects older adults, particularly women, but can also occur in younger people and children.

Causes of Rectal Prolapse

Several factors can contribute to the development of rectal prolapse:

• Chronic Constipation or Diarrhea: Straining during bowel movements can weaken the pelvic muscles.
• Weak Pelvic Floor Muscles: Can result from childbirth, aging, or previous surgeries.
• Neurological Conditions: Diseases that affect nerve function, such as multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injuries.
• Chronic Cough: Persistent coughing can increase abdominal pressure.
• Genetic Factors: A family history of rectal prolapse can increase the risk.
• Pelvic Organ Prolapse: The presence of other types of prolapse can contribute.

Symptoms of Rectal Prolapse

The symptoms of rectal prolapse can vary but commonly include:

• Protruding Tissue: Visible tissue protruding from the anus.
• Discomfort and Pain: Particularly during bowel movements.
• Bleeding: Bright red blood may be present.
• Incontinence: Leakage of stool or mucus.
• Feeling of Incomplete Evacuation: Sensation of not being able to fully empty the bowels.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you suspect you have rectal prolapse, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis. They may perform a physical examination and use tests such as a defecography, colonoscopy, or MRI to assess the extent of the prolapse.

Treatment Options

• Conservative Treatments:
  • Dietary Changes: Increasing fiber intake to prevent constipation.
  • Stool Softeners: To ease bowel movements.
  • Pelvic Floor Exercises: To strengthen the pelvic muscles.
• Non-Surgical Procedures:
  • Manual Reduction: Manually pushing the prolapsed rectum back into place.
• Surgical Interventions:
  • Rectopexy: Attaching the rectum to the pelvic wall to prevent it from slipping.
  • Resection Rectopexy: Removing part of the rectum and attaching it to the pelvic wall.
  • Perineal Procedures: Removing the prolapsed part through an incision around the anus.

Prevention

While not all cases of rectal prolapse can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk:

• Maintain a High-Fiber Diet: Include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to prevent constipation.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to keep stools soft.
• Avoid Straining: During bowel movements and heavy lifting.
• Practice Good Bowel Habits: Don’t delay bowel movements and use proper posture.
• Pelvic Floor Exercises: Regularly perform exercises to strengthen pelvic muscles.

Conclusion